Matrix Algebra For Linear Models
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In the multiple regression setting, because of the potentially large number of predictors, it is more efficient to use matrices to define the regression model and the subsequent analyses. Here, we review basic matrix algebra, as well as learn some of the more important multiple regression formulas in matrix form.
Well, that's a pretty inefficient way of writing it all out! As you can see, there is a pattern that emerges. By taking advantage of this pattern, we can instead formulate the above simple linear regression function in matrix notation:
Matrix Algebra underlies many of the current tools for experimental design and the analysis of high-dimensional data. In this introductory online course in data analysis, we will use matrix algebra to represent the linear models that commonly used to model differences between experimental units. We perform statistical inference on these differences. Throughout the course we will use the R programming language to perform matrix operations.
This textbook is an approachable introduction to statistical analysis using matrix algebra. Prior knowledge of matrix algebra is not necessary. Advanced topics are easy to follow through analyses that were performed on an open-source spreadsheet using a few built-in functions. These topics include ordinary linear regression, as well as maximum likelihood estimation, matrix decompositions, nonparametric smoothers and penalized cubic splines. Each data set (1) contains a limited number of observations to encourage readers to do the calculations themselves, and (2) tells a coherent story based on statistical significance and confidence intervals. In this way, students will learn how the numbers were generated and how they can be used to make cogent arguments about everyday matters. This textbook is designed for use in upper level undergraduate courses or first year graduate courses.
The first chapter introduces students to linear equations, then covers matrix algebra, focusing on three essential operations: sum of squares, the determinant, and the inverse. These operations are explained in everyday language, and their calculations are demonstrated using concrete examples. The remaining chapters build on these operations, progressing from simple linear regression to mediational models with bootstrapped standard errors.
Linear Models and the Relevant Distributions and Matrix Algebra provides in-depth and detailed coverage of the use of linear statistical models as a basis for parametric and predictive inference. It can be a valuable reference, a primary or secondary text in a graduate-level course on linear models, or a resource used (in a course on mathematical statistics) to illustrate various theoretical concepts in the context of a relatively complex setting of great practical importance.
\"The book is very well written, with exceptional attention to details. It provides detailed derivations or proofs of almost all the results, and offers in-depth coverage of the topics discussed. Some of these materials (e.g., spherical/elliptical distributions) are hard to find from other sources. Anyone who is interested in linear models should benefit from reading this book and find it especially useful for a thorough understanding of the linear-model theory in a unified framework... The book is a delight to read.\"Huaiqing Wu, Iowa State University
\"This book is useful in two ways: an excellent text book for a graduate level linear models course, and for those who want to learn linear modShipping OptionsWe offer free standard shipping on every order across the globe.
Comprehensive in scope, Matrix Algebra for Linear Models offers a succinct summary of matrix theory and its related applications to statistics, especially linear models. The book provides a unified presentation of the mathematical properties and statistical applications of matrices in order to define and manipulate data.
Written for theoretical and applied statisticians, the book utilizes multiple numerical examples to illustrate key ideas, methods, and techniques crucial to understanding matrix algebra's application in linear models. Matrix Algebra for Linear Models expertly balances concepts and methods allowing for a side-by-side presentation of matrix theory and its linear model applications. Including concise summaries on each topic, the book also features:
Matrix Algebra for Linear Models is an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate-level courses on statistics, matrices, and linear algebra. The book is also an excellent reference for statisticians, engineers, economists, and readers interested in the linear statistical model.
A self-contained introduction to matrix analysis theory and applications in the field of statistics Comprehensive in scope, Matrix Algebra for Linear Models offers a succinct summary of matrix theory and its related applications to statistics, especially linear models. The book provides a unified presentation of the mathematical properties and statistical applications of matrices in order to define and manipulate data. Written for theoretical and applied statisticians, the book utilizes multiple numerical examples to illustrate key ideas, methods, and techniques crucial to understanding matrix algebra's application in linear models. Matrix Algebra for Linear Models expertly balances concepts and methods allowing for a side-by-side presentation of matrix theory and its linear model applications. Including concise summaries on each topic, the book also features: Methods of deriving results from the properties of eigenvalues and the singular value decomposition Solutions to matrix optimization problems for obtaining more efficient biased estimators for parameters in linear regression models A section on the generalized singular value decomposition Multiple chapter exercises with selected answers to enhance understanding of the presented material Matrix Algebra for Linear Models is an ideal textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate-level courses on statistics, matrices, and linear algebra. The book is also an excellent reference for statisticians, engineers, economists, and readers interested in the linear statistical model. Review Quotes
\"This is an excellent and comprehensive presentation of the use of matrices for linear models. The writing is very clear, and the layout is excellent. It would serve well either as a class text or as the foundation for individual personal study.\" (International Statistical Review, 18 March 2014)
Linear algebra is central to almost all areas of mathematics. For instance, linear algebra is fundamental in modern presentations of geometry, including for defining basic objects such as lines, planes and rotations. Also, functional analysis, a branch of mathematical analysis, may be viewed as the application of linear algebra to spaces of functions.
Linear algebra is also used in most sciences and fields of engineering, because it allows modeling many natural phenomena, and computing efficiently with such models. For nonlinear systems, which cannot be modeled with linear algebra, it is often used for dealing with first-order approximations, using the fact that the differential of a multivariate function at a point is the linear map that best approximates the function near that point.
In 1844 Hermann Grassmann published his \"Theory of Extension\" which included foundational new topics of what is today called linear algebra. In 1848, James Joseph Sylvester introduced the term matrix, which is Latin for womb.
Arthur Cayley introduced matrix multiplication and the inverse matrix in 1856, making possible the general linear group. The mechanism of group representation became available for describing complex and hypercomplex numbers. Crucially, Cayley used a single letter to denote a matrix, thus treating a matrix as an aggregate object. He also realized the connection between matrices and determinants, and wrote \"There would be many things to say about this theory of matrices which should, it seems to me, precede the theory of determinants\".[5]
The telegraph required an explanatory system, and the 1873 publication of A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism instituted a field theory of forces and required differential geometry for expression. Linear algebra is flat differential geometry and serves in tangent spaces to manifolds. Electromagnetic symmetries of spacetime are expressed by the Lorentz transformations, and much of the history of linear algebra is the history of Lorentz transformations.
The first modern and more precise definition of a vector space was introduced by Peano in 1888;[5] by 1900, a theory of linear transformations of finite-dimensional vector spaces had emerged. Linear algebra took its modern form in the first half of the twentieth century, when many ideas and methods of previous centuries were generalized as abstract algebra. The development of computers led to increased research in efficient algorithms for Gaussian elimination and matrix decompositions, and linear algebra became an essential tool for modelling and simulations.[5]
Until the 19th century, linear algebra was introduced through systems of linear equations and matrices. In modern mathematics, the presentation through vector spaces is generally preferred, since it is more synthetic, more general (not limited to the finite-dimensional case), and conceptually simpler, although more abstract.
An element of a specific vector space may have various nature; for example, it could be a sequence, a function, a polynomial or a matrix. Linear algebra is concerned with those properties of such objects that are common to all vector spaces.
A bijective linear map between two vector spaces (that is, every vector from the second space is associated with exactly one in the first) is an isomorphism. Because an isomorphism preserves linear structure, two isomorphic vector spaces are \"essentially the same\" from the linear algebra point of view, in the sense that they cannot be distinguished by using vector space properties. An essential question in linear algebra is testing whether a linear map is an isomorphism or not, and, if it is not an isomorphism, finding its range (or image) and the set of elements that are mapped to the zero vector, called the kernel of the map. All these questions can be solved by using Gaussian elimination or some variant of this algorithm. 59ce067264